Scientific
Review
The
research of French scientists was based on previous experiments
which proved that sperm with x (girl) or y (boy) chromosomes
were drawn by a different energy charge. This was followed
by the discovery that the ovule membrane has an alternating
charge which draws or rejects an X (girl) or Y(boy) sperm
chromosome.
This
alternation of polarity occurs on a predictable cycle for
each mammal, a woman having polarity periods of between
1 to 10 days per month and 70 days per year for each different
polarity.
The ovum membrane's alternating polarity is nature's way
of selecting sperm with different gender determining chromosomes.
French
scientists invented a method which identifies
individually the time of occurrence of each polarity cycle. His 15 years of study on thousands of animal and human
records revealed that the polarity was predictable given
certain parameters. Using a sophisticated software these
parameters resulted through analysing individual information
in a forward prediction of the polarity cycle whilst the
subject matter is different it is the same as the weather
forecast for the next year produced by the meteorological
office.
This method is not an interference with nature's way
of procreation but a harnessing of its natural function
according to the desires of the parents. It avoids the need
for undesirable genetic manipulations, operations, medications
or prenatal abortions in cases of undesired gender- it is
completely natural without any stress or risk to the mother
or baby.
Nearly all governments and religions accept natural methods
of contraception and choosing the BabyByGender
method falls into the same acceptance ethics.
In
1933 professors Koltzoff and Shroeder the famous Russian
scientists concluded that it was possible to separate the
sperms with y and x chromosomes through a charge from an
anode or a cathode.
In
1990, scientist at the university of Roscoff found that
the fact of the Sperm joining the ovule produced an electrically
influenced luminous ring.
In
1992 the Science university of Tokyo confirmed the Koltzoff
V Schroder findings and recognised the ability to separate
the sperm containing y and x Chromosomes by electrolyses.
In
1994 a French Scientist completed his 15 year study on 1000s
of mammal case studies and in 1996 followed by his final
tests of the method based on 155 human couples
showing a 98.7% success rate.
BIOLOGY
NOVEMBER 1997
PRECONCEPTUAL
GENDER DETERMINATION IN MAMMALS
APPLICATION
OF VARIATION IN ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL IN THE PELLUCID
ZONE OF THE OVOCYTE
INTRODUCTION:
Since
two Russian scientists, Koltzoff and Schroeder discovered
that spermatozoa could be separated by electrophoresis,
man has wanted to use this fact to achieve gender selection
by insemination of graded spermatozoa. However that the
ovule might itself be able to select the spermatozoa by
means of their intrinsic electric charge was not considered.
Nevertheless one of the fundamental laws of electricity
states that two opposite electrical charges attract, while
two like charges repel. How, therefore can we explain that
the ovule membrane is able to attract spermatozoa carrying
opposite electrical charges?
The
so-called diet method has already illustrated that the affinity
of the ovule for one type of spermatozoa may be influenced
to the detriment of the other. This is a phenomenon of electrotactism;
but why is it that this principle does not apply 100%? Perhaps
because a species of non-migrating herbivores living in
a region where the soil is particularly rich in sodium would
very soon die out because it would not produce any females.
However it is quite clear that even with a completely unbalanced
diet, there are always at least 20% births of the sex opposite
to the one corresponding to this type of diet, and that
this applies to man as well as to cattle. It is as if the
influence of diet is neutralised at a certain point by a
safety mechanism to ensure that whatever happens a certain
number of individuals of the opposite sex are born. In our
opinion the ovule is able to disregard the influence of
prejudicial environmental by polarising the pellucid membrane
for a total of about 70 days throughout the year, and this
applies to both sexes.
This
observation has been identified as the "Cyclic variation
of ovule polarity"
RECAPITULATION
ON CHROMOSOMAL, GENETIC AND ANATOMICAL SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
GENDER
SELECTION BY ENVIRONMENT
We
know at present that gender determination in man has
a genetic origin but that there are other mechanisms which
apply in some animals. It appears, for instance that sex
may be determined by the incubation temperature of the eggs,
which can modify the action of enzymes such as aromatase.
This hypothesis applies to some reptiles: one experiment
has demonstrated that alligator eggs incubated below 32°C
produced females only, whilst eggs incubated at 34°C or
above produced exclusively male offspring.
In
some species of tortoise, the contrary is true and cold
favours the birth of males. Another example of sex determination
related to an external cause is the case of the Bonellia,
a marine worm commonly found in the Mediterranean. If the
eggs encounter the proboscis of an adult female and if this
female fertilises them, they produce males. If they land
freely on the rocky sea floor, they attach themselves to
it and give birth to females.
Genetic
and environmental determination are sometimes found together
within one and the same taxonomic group as in the nematodes.
Thus, in the earthworm, Caernorhabditis elegans,
sex determination is chromosomal and depends on the X:A
ratio where X is the number of X chromosomes and A the number
of autosomes (non sexual chromosomes), whilst in another
earthworm, a parasite of plant roots, it is population density,
via pherome secretion, which influences the choice of gender.
Elsewhere, similar systems may have evolved separately and
are found in widely divergent species. This is called concerted
evolution.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
ANATOMY OF THE OVULE
Cell
activity takes place in the cytoplasm: synthesis, storage,
production of energy, and so on. Ribosomes from the nucleus
and linked by an RNA "messenger" thread are the site of
protein synthesis and these proteins, as enzymes, carry
out the majority of cell activities: they execute the programme
set by the messengers from the nucleus. They are frequently
aligned along the outside of clefts by which they taken
to other parts of the cytoplasm, in particular the regions
known as the "dictyosomes of Golgi".
The
various activities of the cytoplasm (synthesis, concentration
and rejection) require large amounts of energy. This
is provided by the mitochondria, tiny, highly structured
organs surrounded by a membrane containing, in particular
the enzyme sites. The site of complex electrochemical reactions,
the ovule and various other cells use oxygen supplied by
the blood, to destroy glucose and produce carbon dioxide,
all of which releases a considerable quantity of energy
to be reutilised in the synthesis of phosphorous compounds,
including ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and this, in turn,
when hydrolysed in the cytoplasm, restores the level of
energy stored. These organs play a key role in cell life;
it is at one part or another of their membrane that the
metabolic equilibrium of the cell is established. Their
role may be compared to that of an electric membrane "which
burns imported matter and transforms the energy obtained
into an electric current which is transported and especially
usable in the pellucid zone."
The
pellucid membrane is about 90A thick, surrounds the cytoplasm,
and is the route of all exchanges with the exterior. Diagrammatically
it looks like a double line made up of two rows of proteins
within which there is a layer of lipid. It similarly contains
sugars, oligosaccharides bound to proteins and lipids which
play an important role in the phenomena of intercellular
recognition and adhesion. This membrane can be permeable,
but it is a selective permeability: some substances pass
through and others are rejected. Simultaneously filter,
sieve, and even shield, the pellucid zone provides the ovule
with its immunological specificity, and in so doing plays
a vital role, although the exact mechanism is as yet inadequately
understood.
COMMENTS:
It
has been established that various reactions which take place
within the ovule have functions related to the sex ratio
of the species. The action of intracellular enzymes permits
the assimilation of multiple functions; multiple reactions
involved in the transformations of intermediary metabolism,
the study of which is based on electrochemical thermodynamics.
This metabolism is a coherent interplay of reactions, some
of which are endergonic (synthesis) and other exergonic
(oxidation and hydrolysis), and linked to one another, either
directly or by one or several intermediate reactions.
One
of these, adenosine triphosphate production (ATP), the outcome
of reversible phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate,
has a predominant role in biological electrochemical energy
transfers within the pellucid zone.
Moreover,
if we look at what is known about the ovule of some animal
species which have been studied in the laboratory, we have
to admit that ovule metabolism in mammals undergoes variations
in calcium and sodium concentration, influencing intracellular
pH and thereby its potentiality. This phenomenon leads
to the modification of membrane components and the structure
of pellucid zone receptors where the spermatozoa become
attached, and thus determine the penetration of one type
rather than another.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
ANATOMY OF SPERMATOZOA
These
are contained in the seminal liquid (sperm). This vesicular
liquid contains, in particular a sugar essential to the
survival of spermatozoa: fructose. It also contains ascorbic
acid, prostaglandins and a vesiculin which, under the influence
of an enzyme which originates in the prostate, causes the
sperm to coagulate on emission. The sperm, emitted by ejaculation,
represents an extemporaneous mixture of two epididymo-testicular
fractions containing spermatozoa and secretions from the
adjoining glands. Coagulated on emission, sperm undergoes
spontaneous liquefaction in the ensuing 5 to 20 minutes
due to the two major elements: spermatozoa and seminal plasma.
It is important to note that sperm also possesses a buffer
capacity designed to protect the spermatozoa from vaginal
acidity and uterine alkalinity, two phenomena capable of
changing the electrical charge of each of them.
Spermatozoa
are cells with a long flagellum, 0.06 mm in length and they
consist of several sections: a head (0.005 mm by 0.002 mm)
containing the nucleus. The tip of the head forms the acrosome,
and the head is linked by a short section or neck, to the
main, long portion of the flagellum, which tapers towards
the end. On account of their small size, it is impossible
at present to measure the intensity of their individual
electrical charge, whilst that of the ovule is in the region
of 60 millivolts.
It
is extremely difficult to define normal sperm, as there
are several very considerable variations. To be considered
fertile, sperm has to contain something in the region of
60 million spermatozoa per cubic centimetre. In fact it
seems that the mobility of the spermatozoa rather than their
precise number is the determining factor as to actual fecundity.
This mobility decreases in time if the sperm is left at
ambient temperature but vitality can be preserved for an
almost unlimited period of time by freezing the sperm and
storing it in nitrogen at -190°C. Man appears to be the
least effective producer of spermatozoa amongst all the
mammals studied: in man spermatogenesis takes the longest
(mean 74 days for spermatogonium to become spermatozoon),
produces the smallest number of spermatozoa and yields the
least quantity of gametes per ejaculation (mean 200 million).
COMMENT
One
of the most decisive elements in our research has been our
knowledge of the work of two Russian scientists, Mrs. Vera
SCHROEDER and Mr. KOLTZOFF, who in March 1933 published an
article in Nature describing the fact that depending
on whether they carry an X or Y chromosome, spermatozoa
have opposite polarisation. The X spermatozoa have a negative
charge and the Y spermatozoa a positive charge. This fact
was observed when the X and Y spermatozoa were separated
by electrophoresis. Numerous studies revealed that when
a weak electrical current was passed through a solution
containing spermatozoa, those with the X chromosome were
attracted by the anode (+) and those with the Y chromosome
by the cathode (-).
Mrs.
SCHROEDER and Mr. KOLTZOFF were also the first to identify
the appearance of a brief luminous ring at the moment of
contact between spermatozoon and ovule. This phenomenon
has since been measured and is proof of an electrical involvement
in fertilisation.
More
recently, in June 1992, the department of biology at the
Scientific University of Tokyo published the results of
work carried out by five Japanese scientists (ISHIJIMA,
OKUNO M., ODAGIRI H., MOHRI T., MOHRI H.) entitled "Separation
of X and Y chromosome-bearing murine sperm by electrophoresis".
The results of this research provided absolute proof of
the earlier work of Mme SCHROEDER and M. KOLTZOFF.
OVULATION
AND FERTILISATION
All
the ovules are produced at a very early stage of foetal
growth, between the third and seventh week of embryonic
life. They are then known as primary follicles; there are on average 200,000 to 400,000 per
ovary. At this stage, they have already commenced their
specific division, meiosis. They then remain inactive until
puberty. From then on, at each menstrual cycle, this process
of division is concluded by the ripening of the ovules.
Normally a single follicle reaches maturity on the thirteenth
day of the cycle, whilst the others remain atretic. On the
fourteenth day, the follicle reaches 5 to 6 mm in diameter
and ruptures. It then expels the ovule and its granular
crown towards the top of the Fallopian tube (the funnel
of the oviduct). Like menstruation, ovulation is dependent
upon pituitary hormones, FSH and LH.
By
definition, fertilisation is the union of two gametes of
different sex, male and female, spermatozoon and ovule,
to form an egg, the essential first stage in the development
of all living creatures which employ sexual reproduction.
It begins with the penetration of the spermatozoa into the
cytoplasm of the ovule. The ovule, migrating slowly down
the Fallopian tube remains capable of fertilisation for
24 to 48 hours. It then reaches the outer third. Spermatozoa
which have entered the genital tract can, under the right
conditions, survive up to 72 hours in the cervical mucus.
They are able to traverse the neck of the cervix on account
of their mobility, but also thanks to a veritable phenomenon
of chemical tropism. The flagellum pushes the head of the
spermatozoon forward by a spinning movement. The whole journey
is thought to take between one and twelve hours. In rabbit,
the journey time is four hours, in guinea-pig twenty minutes
and in rat less than two minutes.
Another
problem is the direction taken by the spermatozoa inside
the female genital tract. How do the spermatozoa meet up
with the ovule ? It is achieved by tactism, sensations which
guide progress so that they approach one another or move
apart depending on whether they are positive or negative.
The spermatozoa reach the ovule thanks to two tactisms:
one is rheotactism, or the tactism to current which makes
them swim up all the tubular and uterine secretions, and
the other is chemotactism to a substance emitted in increasing
amounts by the ovule. Once the secretions accumulated by
the spermatozoa have managed to break down the protoplasm
by dissolving the intracellular cement, the ovule is accessible
and capable of being fertilised. Among the hundreds of spermatozoa
swimming around it, only one will fertilise the ovule. At
the front of the spermatozoon, on the ovule surface, a slight
protuberance has been observed, called the "cone of attraction"
as it appears to attract it.
In
spite of the importance of fertilisation and the central
position it occupies in the science of biology, it is a
strange fact that in the past it was essentially unknown
territory, and that all we know about it is less than a
hundred years old.
COMMENT
The
department of cellular and molecular biology of the university
of Roscoff has published "Success in fertilisation:
A question of time and electricity."
Depending
on the species studied, the control mechanisms which are
active at the plasma membrane of the egg are either electrical
or biochemical. In the first instance, the fertilising spermatozoon
initiates a change in inductance in the egg membrane which
is the potential for fertilisation. In all the species studied,
the functional arrangement may be summarised as follows:
the ovule membrane presents a resting potential permitting
fusion of the spermatozoon which comes into contact with
it. In fact the surface of the spermatozoon has a voltage
sensitive element which decides the possibilities of gamete
fusion. This effective electrical mechanism is very
rapid(100 to 400 milliseconds), so that the first fertilising
spermatozoon provokes an electrical response in the egg
membrane.
DETERMINATION
OF GENDER IN MAMMALS
Thinking
that we might have detected a new biological phenomenon
on man, we felt it was essential to verify its existence
in other mammals.
The first species studied after man was cattle:
RACE:
CHAROLAIS; SALERS; FRENCH BLACK AND WHITE FRIESIAN
Our
research was specifically aimed at finding out whether the
date of fertilisation had any bearing on the sex of the
resulting offspring. Fertilisation dates were monitored
in 7000 cattle directly on farmers' premises, at insemination
centres and veterinary surgeries.
A
second study was then carried out on horses of the TRAIT
ARDENNAIS [breed of draught horse native to the Ardennes].
In
a parallel study, fertilisation dates were monitored in
humans. 5104 cases were studied in IVF, AI and gynaecological
centres. This study was carried out in France at various
periods between 1985 and 1991. The conclusions of these
statistical studies enabled us to confirm that the date
of conception has a correlation with the resulting sex.
In addition, this research confirmed the following 5 points:
1.
The ovule controls its electrical charge in an alternating,
but irregular fashion so as to attract X-bearing chromosomes
at one time and Y-bearing chromosomes at another . These
periods correspond to an effective polarity of the ovule
and are interspersed with neutral periods of variable duration
during which specific dietary input appears to have a significant
influence on the sex ratio.
2.
To date this phenomenon has been observed in man as well
as in bovine and equine species, but the incidence of very
unbalanced litters in dogs and other multiple birth mammals
suggests that the same process exists in these species.
3. In each of the species studied to date, the sum of the
days of periods with either negative or positive
polarity amounted to the equivalent of 65 to 75 days of
a calendar year.
4.
These periods vary in duration from one ovulation cycle
to another, from between 0 and 10 days, and are distributed
differently from one species to another.
5.
This phenomenon is totally independent of the ovulation
cycle and originates at the stage of the ovocyte, sometimes
changing the cycle of future mothers because the coincidence
of ovulation with the appropriate days of polarity does
not, in some cases occur until after several months. However,
the fact that there is a very marked rise in fertility during
the preselected days makes it possible to achieve gestation
after only a very few attempts (almost one attempt per gestation)
both with natural and artificial fertilisation methods.
After
collating the results of these tests, a number of clinical
trials were undertaken in man, as well as studies in cattle
and horses. One study was carried out in 155 women, 612
cows and 79 mares.
According
to the biological parameters of each species on the one
hand, and of the future mother on the other, it is possible
to determine when the electrochemical modification of the
ovocyte membrane will occur in order to promote exclusively
the conception of one sex or the other. The various parameters
specific to each species taken in conjunction with the age
of the mother to be and the elements of her ovulation cycle
allow us to calculate the exact sequence of modification
of electric polarity.
These
elements enabled us to predetermine the sex of progeny in
two studies of "Cattle and horses" with an 86% success
rate in these two species: the results in man were 98.7%,
which illustrates the existence of a biological phenomenon.
Both placebo effect and the influence of chance can be discarded
both on account of the success rate and of the diversity
of the species involved.
SEX
DISTRIBUTION IN THE ANIMAL STUDIES
SPECIES:
CATTLE
RACE:CHAROLAIS/SALERS/FRENCH
BLACK AND WHITE FRIESIAN
AIM
OF TEST:MALE AND FEMALE
NUMBER
OF CASES TREATED:608
NUMBER
OF MALE BIRTHS OBTAINED:282 (47%)
NUMBER
OF FEMALE BIRTHS OBTAINED:287 (47.5%)
MALE FAILURES:15 (2.5%)
FEMALE
FAILURES:16 (3%)
SPECIES:HORSE
RACE:TRAIT
ARDENNAIS
NUMBER
OF CASES TREATED:79
AIM
OF TEST:FEMALE PROGENY ONLY
NUMBER
OF MALE BIRTHS OBTAINED:13 (16%)
NUMBER OF FEMALE BIRTHS OBTAINED:66 (84%)
CLINICAL
TRIAL IN MAN
A
clinical trial in man was also undertaken, on the basic
premise that as the human data is more precise than the
animal equivalent, (dates of ovulation and birth), it would
be possible to achieve a higher success rate in man than
in animals. Experience in the sphere has enabled us to establish
an increase in fertility or success of reimplantation of
400%.
CONCLUSION
In
the 1980's Professor J. STOLKOWSKI announced that sex determination
was possible by means of modifications in the ion content
of food. He demonstrated that by influencing the medium,
the affinity of the pellucid zone of the ovule for one type
of spermatozoon rather than the other could be altered.
It has frequently been observed that, where cattle are bred,
the sex ratio of the calves can vary to a very high
degree as a function of the mineral content of the food.
Similarly, acidifying or alkalinising solutions in the vagina
have made it possible partially to verify the electrotactism
of gametes. Analysis of the failures encountered in using
the diet method has revealed that these corresponded in
time and level to the contrary periods of polarity determined
by our studies.
Tests
performed on the relationship between date of conception
and date of birth allow us to put forward the theory that
the ovocyte is influenced by a cyclic phenomenon independent
of the ovulation cycle. This phenomenon, christened the
"Cyclic variation of ovule polarity", is fixed for
each species and specific to each one. We have now
identified this cycle for women, mares and cows. Future
research will enable us to verify the validity of this hypothesis
in multiple birth mammals such as dog and pig. The striking
disproportion in sex ratio in litters of puppies and piglets
leads us to think that this phenomenon exists in every species
of mammal.
Recently,
work published by Dr. Kenneth GLANDER of Duke University,
Durham, has allowed us to establish that in Brazil, in Muriquis
monkeys, mothers-to-be are able to modify vaginal electric
potential in order to promote fertilisation of the ovule
by male or female spermatozoa according to need to preserve
the male/female equilibrium of their group.
What
was initially a safety measure to ensure the survival of
species can therefore enable us today to make a natural
choice within each family to maintain the desired balance.
In
order to make the Cyclic variation of ovule polarity
a practical and operational method, we have worked out a
12-month calendar based on the parameters specific to each
species and mother - (in man, the parameters are blood group,
date of birth, date of the beginning of the last menstrual
cycle and age at the onset of menstruation). This
calendar indicates the days during which procreation is
advised in order to obtain a child of the desired sex.
In
our studies, we also analysed the most practical ways of
achieving the best results from using this method and the
calendar appeared the most suitable. We would like to point
out that the dates of the cycle of polarity* do not always
correspond with the dates of ovulation; where this is the
case, we suggest that the dates of ovulation be adjusted,
if necessary with the assistance of a medical practitioner,
to the personalised calendar.
Finally,
we would emphasise the importance of only having protected
sex on other days, as conception outside the ovulation cycle
is always possible (spontaneous ovulation).
The
so-called phenomenon of the Cyclic variation of ovule
polarity enables us to make an important advance in
understanding the determination of sex in all mammals.
*
The cycle of polarity, unlike the ovulation dates, is immovable.
SCIENTIFIC DEFINITION OF THE BabyByGender METHOD
PROCEDURE
FOR THE PRECONCEPTUAL DETERMINATION
OF SEX IN MAMMALS
(BOVINE,
EQUINE, HUMAN) BASED ON INTERPRETATION
OF A CYCLE OF INVERTED POLARITY
OF THE OVOCYTE, LEADING TO
A DIFFERENTIAL AFFINITY OF THE
PELLUCID MEMBRANE FOR ONE OR
OTHER TYPE OF SPERMATOZOON (X or Y).
PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF THE OVULE
Cell
activity takes place in the cytoplasm: synthesis, storage,
production of energy, and so on. Ribosomes from the nucleus
and linked by an RNA "messenger" thread are the site of
protein synthesis and these proteins, as enzymes, carry
out the majority of cell activities: they execute the program
set by the messengers from the nucleus. They are frequently
aligned along the outside of clefts by which they taken
to other parts of the cytoplasm, in particular the regions
known as the "dictyosomes of Golgi".
The
various activities of the cytoplasm (synthesis, concentration
and rejection) require large amounts of energy. This is
provided by the mitochondria, tiny, highly structured organs
surrounded by a membrane containing, in particular the enzyme
sites. The site of complex electrochemical reactions, the
ovule and various other cells use oxygen supplied by the
blood, to destroy glucose and produce carbon dioxide, all
of which releases a considerable quantity of energy to be
reutilized in the synthesis of phosphorous compounds, including
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and this, in turn, when hydrolyzed
in the cytoplasm, restores the level of energy stored. These
organs play a key role in cell life; it is at one part or
another of their membrane that the metabolic equilibrium
of the cell is established. Their role may be compared to
that of an electric membrane "which burns imported matter
and transforms the energy obtained into an electric current
which is transported and especially usable in the pellucid
zone."
The
pellucid membrane is about 90A thick, surrounds the cytoplasm,
and is the route of all exchanges with the exterior. Diagrammatically
it looks like a double line made up of two rows of proteins
within which there is a layer of lipid. It similarly contains
sugars, oligosaccharides bound to proteins and lipids which
play an important role in the phenomena of intercellular
recognition and adhesion. This membrane can be permeable,
but it is a selective permeability: some substances pass
through and others are rejected. Simultaneously filter,
sieve, and even shield, the pellucid zone provides the ovule
with its immunological specificity, and in so doing plays
a vital role, although the exact mechanism is as yet inadequately
understood.
DISCUSSION/COMMENTS
:
It
has been established that various reactions which take place
within the ovule have functions related to the sex ratio
of the species. The action of intracellular enzymes permits
the assimilation of multiple functions; multiple reactions
involved in the transformations of intermediary metabolism,
the study of which is based on electrochemical thermodynamics.
This metabolism is a coherent interplay of reactions, some
of which are endergonic (synthesis) and other exergonic
(oxidation and hydrolysis), and linked to one another, either
directly or by one or several intermediate reactions.
One
of these, adenosine triphosphate production (ATP), the outcome
of reversible phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate,
has a predominant role in biological electrochemical energy
transfers within the pellucid zone.
Moreover,
if we look at what is known about the ovule of some animal
species which have been studied in the laboratory, we have
to admit that ovule metabolism in mammals undergoes variations
in calcium and sodium concentration, influencing intracellular
pH and thereby its potentiality . This phenomenon leads
to the modification of membrane components and the structure
of pellucid zone receptors where the spermatozoa become
attached, and thus determine the penetration of one type
rather than another.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
ANATOMY OF SPERMATOZOA
These
are contained in the seminal liquid (sperm). This vesicular
liquid contains, in particular a sugar essential to the
survival of spermatozoa: fructose. It also contains ascorbic
acid, prostaglandins and a vesiculin which, under the influence
of an enzyme which originates in the prostate, causes the
sperm to coagulate on emission. The sperm, emitted by ejaculation,
represents an extemporaneous mixture of two epididymo-testicular
fractions containing spermatozoa and secretions from the
adjoining glands. Coagulated on emission, sperm undergoes
spontaneous liquefaction in the ensuing 5 to 20 minutes
due to the two major elements: spermatozoa and seminal plasma.
It is important to note that sperm also possesses a buffer
capacity designed to protect the spermatozoa from vaginal
acidity and uterine alkalinity, two phenomena capable of
changing the electrical charge of each of them
There
are more results on scientific research in the french language
web site
REFERENCES
1
- V.SCHROEDER. - «Rôle du métabolisme des géniteurs dans
la détermination du sexe». - USP SOVR Biology; Tome 42 page
33.
2
- KOLTZOFF ET SCHROEDER. - «Artificial control of sex in
the progeny of mammalians». - NATURE n°329 March 1933.
3
- M.DANTCHAKOFF. - «Sexe et Hormones». - Bulletin de biologie
de France et de Belgique 1936: tome 70 fascicule n°3; 1937:
tome 71 fascicule n°3; 1938: tome 128.
4
- Professeur Jacques GONZALES. - «Histoire naturelle et
artificielle de la procréation»; BORDAS éd. Prix de l'académie
de médecine 1997; - pages 360 à 363.
5
- P.GERIN. - «Notions d'électronique appliquée à la biologie»;
MASSON & CIE éd. - chap. 5 paragraphe 1: Phénomènes
biologiques à expression électrique; - pages 104 à 111.
6
- A.GOLDBETER. - «Rythmes et chaos dans les systèmes biochimiques
et cellulaires»; MASSON éd. Pages 253 à 273.
7
- D.JOU et J.E.LLEBOT. - «Thermodynamique des processus
biologiques». LAVOISIER éd. Chapitre 5 et 6.
8
- J. STOLKOWSKI et J. CHOUKROUN. - «Diététique et sélection
préconceptionnelle du sexe». - Revue française de diététique
n°119,4, 1986, pages 4 à 9.
9
- J. LORRAIN et R.GAGNON - «Sélection préconceptionnelle
du sexe». Union Médic. Canada; 1975, fascicule 104 pages
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